if的用法：表示條件，意思是如果；表示虛擬，意思是假如；表示是否的含義，和whether相同用法，連接賓語從句。

1.(表示條件)如果 ,主句用將來時(shí),if從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

He will come if you invite him.

如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來的.

2.(表示虛擬)假如,要是

時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況.它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后.

a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè).

句型 ：條件從句 主句

一般過去時(shí) should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形

If they were here,they would help you.

b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè).

句型：條件從句 主句

過去完成時(shí) should(would) have+ 過去分詞

If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday,I should / would have told him about it.

含義：He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.

含義：He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater progress.

c.表示對(duì)將來的假想

句型：條件從句 主句

一般過去時(shí) should+ 動(dòng)詞原形

were+ 不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形

should+ 動(dòng)詞原形

If you succeeded,everything would be all right.

If you should succeed,everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.

3.是否 = whether 連接賓語從句

I wonder if she is ill.

不知她是否病了.