臥薪嘗膽的故事講的是越王勾踐戰(zhàn)敗之后被俘虜，假裝服從，后來(lái)被釋放回國(guó)，勾踐日夜奮斗養(yǎng)精蓄銳，最終打敗了吳國(guó)。臥薪嘗膽的主人公是越王勾踐，臥薪嘗膽的意思是形容人刻苦自勵(lì)、發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)，小編整理的這篇能夠讓你在故事中學(xué)到許多的知識(shí)哦！快來(lái)閱讀吧！
越王勾踐兵敗吳王夫差后，假裝投降，在吳國(guó)飽受屈辱，每天嘗苦膽以提醒自己不忘亡國(guó)之恥，終博得吳王信任，被放回越國(guó)，勾踐回國(guó)后勵(lì)精圖治，終究越打敗了吳國(guó)。
公元前496年，吳王闔閭派兵攻打越國(guó)，被越王勾踐打得大敗，闔閭也受了重傷，臨死前，囑咐兒子夫差要替他報(bào)仇。夫差牢記父親的話，日夜加緊練兵，準(zhǔn)備攻打越國(guó)。 過(guò)了兩年，夫差率兵把勾踐打得大敗，勾踐被包圍，無(wú)路可走，準(zhǔn)備自殺。這時(shí)謀臣文種勸住了他，說(shuō)：“吳國(guó)大臣伯嚭貪財(cái)好色，可以派人去賄賂他。”勾踐聽(tīng)從了文種的建議，就派他帶著珍寶賄賂伯嚭，伯嚭答應(yīng)和文種去見(jiàn)吳王。
文種見(jiàn)了吳王，獻(xiàn)上珍寶，說(shuō)：“越王愿意投降，做您的臣下伺候您，請(qǐng)您能饒恕他。”伯嚭也在一旁幫文種說(shuō)話。伍子胥站出來(lái)大聲反對(duì)道：“人常說(shuō)‘治病要除根’，勾踐深謀遠(yuǎn)慮，文種、范蠡精明強(qiáng)干，這次放了他們，他們回去后就會(huì)想辦法報(bào)仇的！”這時(shí)的夫差以為越國(guó)已經(jīng)不足為患，就不聽(tīng)伍子胥的勸告，答應(yīng)了越國(guó)的投降，把軍隊(duì)撤回了吳國(guó)。
吳國(guó)撤兵后，勾踐帶著妻子和大夫范蠡到吳國(guó)伺候吳王，放牛牧羊，終于贏得了吳王的歡心和信任。三年后，他們被釋放回國(guó)了。
勾踐回國(guó)后，立志發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)，準(zhǔn)備復(fù)仇。他怕自己貪圖舒適的生活，消磨了報(bào)仇的志氣，晚上就枕著兵器，睡在稻草堆上，他還在房子里掛上一只苦膽，每天早上起來(lái)后就嘗嘗苦膽，門(mén)外的士兵問(wèn)他：“你忘了三年的恥辱了嗎？”他派文種管理國(guó)家政事，范蠡管理軍事，他親自到田里與農(nóng)夫一起干活，妻子也紡線織布。勾踐的這些舉動(dòng)感動(dòng)了越國(guó)上下官民，經(jīng)過(guò)十年的艱苦奮斗，越國(guó)終于兵精糧足，轉(zhuǎn)弱為強(qiáng)。
而吳王夫差盲目力圖爭(zhēng)霸，絲毫不考慮民生疾苦。他還聽(tīng)信伯嚭的壞話，殺了忠臣伍子胥。最終夫差爭(zhēng)霸成功，稱霸于諸侯。但是這時(shí)的吳國(guó)，貌似強(qiáng)大，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)是走下坡路了。
公元前482年，夫差親自帶領(lǐng)大軍北上，與晉國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪諸侯盟主，越王勾踐趁吳國(guó)精兵在外，突然襲擊，一舉打敗吳兵，殺了太子友。夫差聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，急忙帶兵回國(guó)，并派人向勾踐求和。勾踐估計(jì)一下子滅不了吳國(guó)，就同意了。公元前473年，勾踐第二次親自帶兵攻打吳國(guó)。這時(shí)的吳國(guó)已經(jīng)是強(qiáng)弩之末，根本抵擋不住越國(guó)軍隊(duì)的強(qiáng)勢(shì)猛攻，屢戰(zhàn)屢敗。最后，夫差又派人向勾踐求和，范蠡堅(jiān)決主張要滅掉吳國(guó)。夫差見(jiàn)求和不成，才后悔沒(méi)有聽(tīng)伍子胥的忠告，非常羞愧，就拔劍自殺了。
【拼音】：wò xīn cháng dǎn
【臥薪嘗膽的意思】：形容人刻苦自勵(lì)、發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)。
【出處】：《史記˙越王勾踐世家》
【近義詞】：奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)、勵(lì)精圖治、發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)
【反義詞】：胸?zé)o大志、妄自菲薄、自甘墮落
【語(yǔ)法】：聯(lián)合式；作謂語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)；含褒義。
【臥薪嘗膽的主人公是誰(shuí)】：勾踐 - 越王勾踐
Sleep on Brushwood and Taste Gall
During the Spring and Autumn periodt the State of Wu launched an attack against the State of Yue.
The King of Wu was seriously wounded and soon died.
His son Fu Chai became the new King.
Fu was determined to revenge.
He drilled his army rigidly until it was a perfect fighting force.
Three years later, he led his army against the State of Yue and caught its king Gou Jian.
Fu took him to the State of Wu.
In order to avenge his father’s death, Fu let him to live in a shabby stone house by his fathers tomb and ordered him to raise horses for him.
Gou pretended to be loyal to Fu but he never forgot his humiliation.
Many years later, he was set free.
Gou secretly accumulated a military force after he went back to his own state.
In order to make himself tougher he slept on firewood and tasted a gall-bladder before having dinner and going to bed.
At the same time he administered his state carefully, developing agriculture and educating the people.
After a few years，his country became strong.
Then Gou seized a favorable opportunity to wipe off the State of Wu.
Later, people use it to describe one who endures self-imposed hardships to strengthen one’s resolve to realize one’s ambition.
越王勾踐為了使自己不忘記以前所受的恥辱，激勵(lì)自己的斗志，以圖將來(lái)報(bào)仇雪恨，回國(guó)后臥薪嘗膽，最終東山再起，一舉滅吳，恰恰印證了生于憂患死于安樂(lè)的觀點(diǎn)。所以在我們遇到挫折后不氣餒，不自暴自棄，受點(diǎn)委屈吃點(diǎn)苦頭都沒(méi)什么，只有心中有一股信念，只要活著，將來(lái)一定可以打出一片天地。
